By Dr. Mamta Pattnayak, Additional Director, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, FMRI Gurgaon
Many women silently suffer through painful and irregular periods, thinking it’s just a part of being a woman. But here’s the truth — while some discomfort during your period is common, intense pain or irregular cycles are not normal and shouldn’t be ignored.
As a gynaecologist, I meet many women who delay seeking help, often for years, due to lack of awareness or embarrassment. This blog is here to help you understand your cycle, recognize signs that something may be wrong, and encourage you to consult a specialist when needed.
What Does a ‘Normal’ Period Look Like?
A typical menstrual cycle lasts between 21 to 35 days, and periods usually last about 2 to 7 days. You may experience mild cramping, fatigue, or breast tenderness — all of which are normal.
But if your periods are:
- Very painful (enough to interfere with daily activities)
- Frequently delayed or come too early
- Last much longer than a week
- Accompanied by heavy bleeding or clots
…it may be time to take a closer look.
Painful Periods: What’s Causing All This Discomfort?
Severe menstrual pain, also called dysmenorrhea, can make it difficult to work, study, or even get out of bed. Here are some common causes:
1. Primary Dysmenorrhea
This is common in younger girls and teens. It happens due to hormonal contractions of the uterus but usually improves with age or after childbirth.
2. Endometriosis
A condition where the tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing severe pain, especially during periods. It can also affect fertility.
3. Adenomyosis
Here, the inner lining of the uterus grows into the muscle layer, leading to heavy bleeding and intense cramps.
4. Fibroids
Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pressure, pain, and heavy bleeding.
5. Pelvic Infections (PID)
An untreated vaginal infection can travel to the uterus and cause long-term pain and menstrual problems.
6. Copper IUD Side Effects
For some women, copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) can cause heavier and more painful periods.
Irregular Periods: What’s Behind the Confusion?
If your periods come unpredictably or you skip months altogether, you may be experiencing an irregular cycle. Here’s why that happens:
1. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
One of the most common causes in Indian women today. PCOS causes hormonal imbalance, irregular periods, weight gain, acne, and even hair growth on the face.
2. Thyroid Disorders
Both underactive and overactive thyroid can disrupt your cycle.
3. Stress and Lifestyle Changes
High stress, poor sleep, long working hours, or drastic diet changes can throw off your hormonal balance.
4. Weight Fluctuations
Sudden weight loss or gain (especially due to dieting or illness) can cause irregular periods.
5. Perimenopause
If you’re over 40, your body may be transitioning to menopause. Periods can become erratic before they stop completely.
6. Medications or Hormonal Imbalance
Certain medications or health conditions may interfere with your menstrual cycle.
When Should You See a Gynaecologist?
Don’t ignore these signs:
- Period pain so intense that you miss work/school
- Bleeding that’s very heavy or lasts more than 7 days
- Periods that suddenly stop for months
- Spotting or bleeding between cycles
- Difficulty getting pregnant
Early consultation can help in proper diagnosis and treatment — and often prevents bigger complications later.
How Do We Diagnose the Problem?
When you visit a gynaecologist, we may recommend:
- Pelvic exam
- Ultrasound to check for cysts, fibroids, or endometriosis
- Blood tests to evaluate hormone levels, thyroid, etc.
- Laparoscopy in some chronic pain cases
- Pap smear if you have unusual discharge or bleeding
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment depends on the cause but can include:
- Pain relief medications
- Hormonal therapies (birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, etc.)
- Lifestyle changes like weight management and stress control
- Surgical options in case of fibroids or endometriosis
We also work with dietitians and mental health professionals when needed — because your body and mind are deeply connected.
Final Thoughts from Dr. Mamta Pattnayak
Ladies, please remember:
Painful or irregular periods are not something you need to suffer through silently. Your menstrual cycle is a reflection of your hormonal and overall health. When your body speaks through symptoms, listen — and act.
Whether you’re a teenager, a newlywed, or planning a baby — early diagnosis and proper care can make a world of difference.
If you’re concerned about your periods, don’t hesitate to book a consultation. We’re here to help you feel better, stronger, and more in control of your health.
📍 Dr. Mamta Pattnayak
Additional Director – Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), Gurgaon
Dr. Mamta Pattnayak is working as a Additional Director in Gynae and Obstetrics Dept. in Fortis Hospital, Gurgaon. Dr. Mamta attnayak is an MBBS graduate from S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack and completed her MD (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) from Sambalpur University in 2003. With a rich experience of over years to her credit, Dr. Mamta has undergone training on advance lap Gynae by Ethicon. Done hand’s on Colposcopy course by RCOG. She is certified as a mentor in RCOG training course in Max Hospital Saket. Dr. Mamta has been associated with several organizations like Moolchand Hospital, New Delhi besides others. Her last assignment was at Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi. Recently she has also started her private clinic at: Mother’s Touch HealthCare Centre: 395P, Sector 39 Rd, opposite to Medanta Hospital, near Gurudwara, Sector 39, Gurugram, Haryana 122004
